Use the case of the recent legislation of the minimum wage...

Introduction Recently, starting from May 1, 2013, Hong Kong had issued an increase of the Statutory Minimum Wage (SMW) from $28 to $30. Setting SMW at an appropriate level is vital to striking the balance between the objectives of forestalling excessively low wages and minimising the loss of low-paid jobs, while sustaining Hong Kong’s economic growth and competitiveness (2012 report of the minimum wage commission, 2012). To fulfil this aim, the government have decided to increase the minimum wage rate in order for the people receiving the low-paid jobs to have a more fair salary. This paper will first discuss about the stakeholders that will be affected by the increase of the wage rates namely the workers earning the SMW rates,†¦show more content†¦Because most of their staffs are earning minimum wage, the firms will either need to either reduce the working hours of their employees or face an increase in the labour cost. If the businesses were to reduce the employees or the working hours, the quality of the products or services provided will most likely degrade over time due to the lack of labour. On the other hand, maintaining the same amount of labour and working hours will lead to an increased cost. In order for the firms to maintain their profitability, the prices of the product or services will most likely be increased. This will lead to the reduction of the competitiveness of small and medium firms compared to the large firms. Because large firms can most likely afford the increase of the minimum wage, they might not need to push the prices up to keep their demands. This can be disadvantageous to Hong Kong as a whole if it leads to the closure of the small and medium firms which leaves huge industries as monopolies in the industry. Card (1995) mentioned that the minimum wage has a â€Å"ripple effect† in many firms, leading to pay increases for workers initially earning slightly more than the new minimum wage. Because of this, the effects previously mentioned will be amplified even to firms which pay slightly above the new SMW even before the increase. Government In the government’s perspective, the increase of the minimum wage policy can help reduce the government expenditure in a country.Show MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesHodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M. International management. III. Title. HD62.4.H63 2012 658 .049—dc22 2011002070 www.mhhe.com Dedicated in Memory of Richard M. 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Essay on President Bush and FISA - 2086 Words

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 was a necessary measure signed by President Jimmy Carter in an effort to stop the CIA, FBI, NSA, and other executive powers from conducting warrantless wiretaps of domestic groups for so-called national security purposes. This was necessary because findings by the Church Committee in the early 1970s suggested that warrantless wiretapping had been going on for quite some time by these government entities and was exacerbated by President Nixon and the Watergate scandal. This bill not only set a future precedent for how surveillance should be conducted, but also attempted to set a standard for what â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† surveillance were defined as. FISA did not face any substantial challenges†¦show more content†¦These problems that President Bush encountered where in fact very similar to the problems that the Carter administration predicted would surface when they were drawing up the bill in the late 1970s. Carter and other executive members brought up many valid concerns that included physical searches, overseas surveillance, communications intelligence, and how much power to give to the president (Carter Memo 2). The version of FISA proposed in 1978 was in itself a solid piece of legislature. Over the years, many amendments have been made to it that have slowly surrendered its power and allowed to the executive branch to create loopholes in which to continue warrantless surveillance where and when they see it fit. For this reason, the FISA process of requiring review by a special court is still viable, but does need some adjustments that allow it to stand similarly to its original form. Since the passing of FISA came after a widespread finding of warrantless wiretapping by a number of different government entities, Congress along with the Carter administration, needed to carefully craft a bill that not only reconciled national security needs to conduct domestic surveillance, but also continued to protect individual liberties such as that of the first and fourth amendments. The once top-secret Carter administration memos regarding FISA offer a first-hand glimpse at the thinking that went intoShow MoreRelatedDomestic Surveillance During The United States1474 Words   |  6 Pagescongress started to treat Domestic Surveillance as a number one priority. After September 11th Congress passed a law to use military force for those responsible for the attacks in New York, NY. The go ahead with using military force did not give the President to use surveillance without a warrant. Congress started to pass legislation against counterterrorism efforts. 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Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 Free Essays

It’s your 18th birthday and your finally a legal adult. Immediately you can smoke cigarettes, vote, be a jury member, even join the military and fight for your country. But don’t think about a having a beer at your going away party the night before you depart for the Middle East. We will write a custom essay sample on Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now No, you will have to wait until your 21. As an American citizens we are given many responsibilities at the age of 18. One of them not being the ability to consume alcohol. So I believe that at the age of 18 should come the responsibility of legally partaking of alcohol. If we are considered adults and expected to act like one at the age of 18, it isn’t right to restrict us to a drinking age of 21. At 18 you can get married, vote, pay taxes, take out loans or risk your life as a member of the U. S. military. But the law in our country says that no alcoholic beverages may be sold to anyone until the age of 21. Who says that 21 is the magical age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol. Sure some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be able to drink responsibly. While 21 may be the legal drinking age in the U. S. no scientific evidence exists proving this is the age at which young people can safely begin drinking alcohol. (Bryan Knowles). By lowering the drinking age it would take away some of the temptation involved with alcohol. It’s not as much fun when its allowed! The most common reason for underage drinking is because alcohol is seen as â€Å"the forbidden fruit. In a study by Dr. Engs, professor of applied health and science, found that by increasing the legal drinking age, young people tend to abuse alcohol more. In actuality raising the drinking age was much worse than doing nothing. Drinking is more exciting when it is illegal. So many people go out and get drunk simply because they know that it’s illegal (Dr Engs). If we do away with this concept then we are left we people partaking in less booze filled nights. Leaving the decision of alcohol mostly to the family is the best scheme if the aim is to reduce underage drinking. We should also focus on safe drinking instead of age restrictions. Educating on the power of alcohol instead of just telling them not to drink it would create a better understanding for our young ones Other countries like France, have a much lower rate of alcohol abuse. This comes from educated and gradual drinking. American teens have not learned to drink gradually or in moderation. We need to focus on educating our young people on safe drinking and as a social activity, instead of a type of escape. Why is there still a problem if alcohol education currently exists? Because current alcohol education in high school and college teaches the following: This is how you drink responsibly, now don’t drink because you are too young. How does anyone expect students to listen to a teacher when this gibberish is coming from their mouth? First you need to properly educate young adults. Second, you need trust them. If you treat young adults like children they will act like children. If you treat young adults as responsible adults they will act maturely. While most parents agree that serving alcohol to groups of minors should be prohibited, many also reserve the right to introduce their teenage children to alcohol. Supervised, moderate exposure to alcohol in the home with family lays the foundation for a healthy respect for alcohol and its associated responsibilities. Bryan Knowles) In conclusion, is 21 really the prestigious age we all can’t wait to reach. At 21, does all the maturity and intelligence we need to navigate this earth finally dawn on us! Well, our country seem to think so. So at the end of the day when you are deployed to Iraq to serve your country, don’t even think about having an adult beverage. Because you’re not an adult until 21, you must wait three more years. But look on the b right side, there will always be a beer waiting for you when you are of age. How to cite Lowering the Drinking Age to 18, Papers

Nursing Case Study Cardiovascular System

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Studyfor Cardiovascular System. Answer: The cardiovascular system or the heart is being affected that is causing Toms symptoms. Tom might be suffering from congestive heart failure that is causing the substernal crushing chest pain and swelling of the feet and ankles. The fluid accumulation within the body system is causing the swelling. There is an initiation of accumulation of fluid within Toms lower limbs as the blood flow out of the heart is making the blood return back to the heart via veins (Johnstone et al. 2014). (a) Electrocardiography is one of the tests that would support Toms condition. It is the method in which ultrasound is applied to measure the diastolic volume, ejection fraction and stroke volume (Brown and Lewis 2007). It also finds out the heart complications that are valve associated and also the connective tissue condition and heart sac. It is also used to diagnose arrhythmia, hypertrophy of the valves and conduction delay. The ST segment depression in Toms ECG suggested an abnormal condition as it is a sign of myocardial infarction associated with congestive heart failure. It has serious clinical outcomes that include Tom presenting CHF with MI. A cardiologist and a trained nurse are the two health professionals who would help Tom. The cardiologist would examine the Toms heart and prescribe treatment depending on the reports. The trained nurse would monitor Toms heart condition; administer his medications as prescribed by the cardiologist. A physiotherapist could also help to circulate his blood inside the body system and reduce swelling. Smoking would damage the lining of arteries and leads to accumulation of atheroma and angina. Case Study 2 (part 1) (a) The six potential health issues are high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and gout and gall stone formation. The proteinuria gives an indication of obesity related glomerulopathy and progression to renal disease (D'Agati et al. 2016). Mary is affected by internal factors like family history of obesity and endocrinological complications. The external factors are food habits and standard of living. The nurses should educate her about leading a healthy lifestyle with physical exercise and nutritious balanced diet that would control her obesity and blood sugar levels. The dietician would help Mary to carry out physical exercises and diet plan that would help her to reduce body weight and body mass index. The dietician would suggest dietary and lifestyle modifications that would help her to control the blood glucose levels and other obesity related complications. Case Study 3 Williams physical conditions are the internal factors like the post traumatic stress disorder, level of unconsciousness, elevated level of alcohol in his blood, aggression and confusion. The lack of personal safety, drink and driving, rash driving and disobeying traffic rules are the external factors that contributes to his condition. The brain injury would be the diagnosis. Glasgow Coma Scale Rating would record the patients level of responsiveness. The unconscious stage is difficult to measure in Williams case but opening of eyes is the unconsciousness stage. With respect to brain injuries, coma occurs when patient eyes are closed continuously and fails to respond. Another state called the vegetative state where the patient has reduced consciousness (Barker et al. 2014). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the two diagnostic tests. The CT scan would give a comprehensive brain picture showing fractures, swelling, hemorrhage and contusions. MRI would give a detailed brain picture that would also be helpful. The neurologist would check the head injury dealing with brain and nerves. Neurosurgeon would treat the damaged brain and nerves and stop bleeding. Case Study 4 Referring to the Competency Element 2.2 and 3.4 under competency standards for enrolled nurses, while caring for the old lady, it was essential to offer relief in a moral manner respecting her culture and beliefs in palliative care considering the significance of the treatment in terms of euthanasia (Gysels et al. 2013). The religious belief according to Buddhism and the heath care professionals should take decisions accordingly. The enrolled nurses should follow the guidelines and rules prescribed according to medication free treatment by seeking help from the duty officer. The legal ethical advisory committee could also help to deal with the ethical issues faced by the enrolled nurses. The art therapy, massage, biofield therapy, complementary therapy, Reiki, stimulation of spinal cord and music therapy are some of the non-pharmacological interventions. References Barker, M.D., Whyte, J., Pretz, C.R., Sherer, M., Temkin, N., Hammond, F.M., Saad, Z. and Novack, T., 2014. Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow coma scale over time: A study employing the NIDRR traumatic brain injury model systems database.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation,29(5), pp.400-406. Brown, D. and Lewis, S.M., 2007. Lewis's Medical-surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Australia. D'Agati, V.D., Chagnac, A., de Vries, A.P., Levi, M., Porrini, E., Herman-Edelstein, M. and Praga, M., 2016. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis.Nature Reviews Nephrology. Gysels, M., Evans, C.J., Lewis, P., Speck, P., Benalia, H., Preston, N.J., Grande, G.E., Short, V., Owen-Jones, E., Todd, C.J. and Higginson, I.J., 2013. MORECare research methods guidance development: recommendations for ethical issues in palliative and end-of-life care research.Palliative medicine,27(10), pp.908-917. Johnstone, C., Hendry, C., Farley, A. and McLafferty, E., 2014. Endocrine system: part 1.Nursing Standard,28(38), pp.42-49. Stead, L.F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann?Boyce, J., Cahill, K. and Lancaster, T., 2012. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane Library.