Identify FOUR Values that are associated Essay Example for Free

Recognize FOUR Values that are related Essay Recognize FOUR Values that are related with training in the Caribbean. Clarify how these qualities have formed your decisions and behaviours. According to Emille Durkheim, Education is the procurement of information and the learning of abilities. It frequently assists with forming convictions and virtues. Instruction is one of the very devices through which social change and change can be accomplished. Instruction, and specifically the educating of history gives a connection between the understudy and society and furthermore a feeling of having a place. The educating of history assists with molding a people convictions and estimations of what was instructed and gone on through ages. For instance, showing an understudy servitude and finding out about how their progenitors revolted to guarantee their opportunity can show a person to have a feeling of pride in their history. Durkheim accepted that school fills in as a capacity which can't be given by the family or companion gathering. Being an individual from a family depends on connection and being a piece of a gathering of companions relies upon decision however being a citizen lies in neither of these classifications. School instructs people to figure out how to communicate and help out individuals who are neither companion nor family; in this manner, school gives the ideal environment to procure collaboration aptitudes. The school permits the understudies to communicate under a fixed arrangement of rules and these encounters permit the understudy to develop and set themselves up for collaboration with the more extensive society. Durkheim additionally included that school rules must be implemented and disciplines should me set up where important. This thusly causes the understudy to discover that their demonstration wasn't right and would have the option to practice self-restraint not exclusively to stay away from discipline but since their activity has harmed that social framework. It is by regarding the school decides that the kid figures out how to regard manages when all is said in done, that he/she builds up the propensity for poise and limitation basically on the grounds that he/she should control and control himself/herself. Consequently the guidelines in schools help people to settle on the correct decisions and shape them as an individual. Training additionally shows people certain aptitudes that would be important for their future occupation which is as a rule in a mechanical society with its expanding division of work for instance, a creating country like Trinidad and Tobago which makes most income on oil would require more individuals to work in that part, for example, designers and apparatus laborers. People who wish to seek after this would need to contemplate certain subjects, for example, material science or science. In pre-modern culture it was regular for guardians could have given word related aptitudes to youngsters without a requirement for formal instruction. Schools in this way, transmit both general qualities which give the important homogeneity to social endurance, and certain aptitudes which make accessible the vital decent variety for social collaboration. Modern culture would in this manner meet up underestimate accord which is a general understanding by citizenry concerning what is acceptable and be neficial. As per Talcott Parsons, schools mingle youngsters into the essential estimations of society. He kept up that esteem agreement is fundamental for society to work successfully. Schools in the Caribbean ingrain significant qualities, for example, the estimation of accomplishment and the estimation of uniformity of chance. Instructors urge the understudies to make progress toward greatness in scholastics and prize the individuals who prevail for instance by the introduction of endorsements or trophies. Hence schools advance the estimation of accomplishment itself and by putting understudies in a similar situation urges them to go up against each other on equivalent standing for assessments along these lines the school advances the estimation of equivalent chance. There is no specific race, class or sexual orientation that can be allowed the chance to succeed anybody can make progress through difficult work. Parsons saw the training framework as a significant factor for the choice of people for their future occupations and jobs in the public eye. The training framework, capacities to distribute these HR inside the job structure of grown-up society. With end of term test in auxiliary schools which assesses an understudies progress, schools would then be able to coordinate a people capacities and capacities with respect to specific employments. The school in this way is viewed as a significant methods for job allotment. In the Caribbean there are numerous strict subsidiary schools which additionally help to shape a people virtues by including religion periods at any rate a few times per week. By the instructing of strict convictions and qualities to understudies, it assists with molding them as a person by choosing what is correct and what's up and adhering to their feelings. For instance in the Roman Catholic schools, understudies might be instructed about the Ten Commandments and discover that it isn't right to conflict with it. Some may adjust to these convictions and some may not however by finding out about it they know not to wander to a long way from the standard. Taking everything into account, the individuals who fit in with the Caribbean societys estimations of instruction will be positioned profoundly and will probably get positive assents. They will be remunerated with high renown since they epitomize and embody what the general public expects of them. High position will change from society to society, in the Caribbean, culture esteems singular accomplishment and puts essential accentuation on gainful action inside the economy. Subsequently the individuals who have accomplished with their own drive will be fruitful.

Surface Water And Groundwater

Surface Water And Groundwater The hydrological cycle portrays the ceaseless development of water above, on, and beneath the outside of the earth. The water on the Earths surface water happens as streams, lakes, waterways just as coves and wetlands. The water underneath the outside of the Earth essentially is ground water, however it likewise incorporates soil water (Sphocleous, 2000). Associations among groundwater and surface water assume a basic job in the working of riparian environments. These connections can have noteworthy ramifications for both water amount and quality. Distinguishing potential trade of water between the spring and stream channel has thusly been examined by numerous scientists utilizing an assortment of strategies (USGS Ground Water Information, 2008). Surveying groundwater-surface water associations is frequently intricate and troublesome. There are numerous elements which impact groundwater-surface water connections, for example, stream bed attributes, topography, geomorphology and atmosphere. All in all various techniques have been utilized to determine the idea of groundwater surface water associations across various catchments. These techniques incorporate a few tracers used to recognize the trading of surface and groundwater, for example, heat, particle science, isotopes and infections. Potential surface spring collaborations have additionally been evaluated utilizing remote detecting and models (USGS, 2008; Kalbus et al, 2006). The motivation behind this exposition is to audit the different strategies used to decide groundwater and surface water connections and their significance while enveloping noteworthy contextual investigations from around the globe and inside Australia. Conversation Surface water and groundwater (GW-SW) have for quite some time been viewed as independent substances, and have been explored separately. Albeit substance, organic and physical properties of surface water and groundwater are without a doubt unique, they are not secluded segments of the hydrologic framework, however rather connect in an assortment of physiographic and climatic scenes. Along these lines improvement or sullying of one ordinarily influences the other (Kalbus et al, 2006). To comprehend GW-SW communications, it is important to comprehend the impacts of the hydrogeological condition on GW stream frameworks, that is the impacts of geography, topography, and atmosphere as these variables are the significant effects on the kind of strategies use to decide GW-SW connections (see figures 1, 2 3) (USGS, 2008). Figure 1. Groundwater drainage into surface water Figure 2. Underwater springs coming about because of ground water move through exceptionally penetrable residue (USGS, 2008) (USGS, 2008) Figure 3. Ground-water stream ways change extraordinarily long, profundity and travel time from purposes of revive to purposes of release in the ground-water framework (USGS, 2008) Numerous investigations of GW-SW associations include the utilization of more than one procedure in endeavoring to decide nature of trades. Ecological tracers are normally happening broken up constituents, or physical properties of water that can be utilized to follow water development through water sheds. Regularly tracers, for example, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), preservationist and non-traditionalist particles, steady and radio-isotopes can be combined with piezometric observing and PC demonstrating to help in deciding the development and character of GW or SW (Hohener et al, 2003). CFCs are engineered halogenated unpredictable natural intensifies that have been fabricated since 1930 and can be identified scientifically in water in little focuses. Past survey articles have at times summed up the utilization of CFCs as tracers for dating unblemished groundwater as a disappointment because of nearby CFC defilement in overabundance of the harmony with present day air. Be that as it may, CFCs do give hydrogeological tracers and dating apparatuses for youthful groundwater on a period size of 50 years (Hohener et al, 2003). Since the mid 1970s, CFCs have been utilized routinely by hydrologists and different orders, for dating and following water masses. Utilizing gas chromatographs and electron catch locators, explanatory techniques for CFCs in water with recognition limits for some specific CFCs, have been created. By and large, the nearness of recognizable convergences of CFCs in groundwater shows revive after the late 1940s, or blending of more established water with more youthful water. Groundwater tests with CFC focuses between the scientific identification limit and the harmony with environmental fixations at revive temperature can conceivably be utilized for age-dating. The utilization of CFCs dating procedures permits hydrologists and researchers the same to decide groundwater energize and blending helping in distinguishing GW-SW collaborations (Hohener et al, 2003; Schilling et al, 2010). Specialists use a wide assortment of traditionalist and non-preservationist tracers for hydrological contemplates. What's more, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, which are a piece of the water particle, are utilized to decide the blending of waters from various sources (USGS, 2008; Rodgers et al, 2004). This is effective as a result of the distinctions in the isotopic sythesis of precipitation among revive zones, the adjustments in the isotoic structure of shallow subsurface water brought about by dissipation and worldly inconstancy in the isotopic organization of precipitation comparative with groundwater. For instance, 87Sr/86Sr proportions can be utilized to recognize groundwater release and surface blending. Strontium isotopes utilized in mix with progressively customary tracers, for example, deuterium and 18O have assisted with building up the wellsprings of contrasting groundwater types entering lakes (Rodgers et al, 2004). Radioactive isotopes are helpful pointers for the measure of time that water has spent in the groundwater framework. Deuterium and 18O have been utilized along with both radioactive tracers (3H/3He) and other non-customary tracers like uncommon earth components (REEs) to decide groundwater inflow and surge from huge lakes, for example, East African Rift Valley lakes (Ojiambo et al., in survey). Lyons et al. (1998) additionally have utilized wellsprings of both radioactive (36Cl) and non-radioactive (37Cl) tracers to find out wellsprings of solutes for Antarctic lake frameworks (Lyons et al, 1998). Another helpful marker is 222Radon which is an artificially dormant radioactive gas that has a half-existence of just 3-4 days. It is delivered normally in groundwater as a result of the radioactive rot of 226radium in uranium-bearing rocks and dregs (Lyons et al, 1998). A few investigations have archived that radon can be utilized to recognize areas of critical groundwater contribution to a stream, for example, from springs. In France an investigation was directed where radon was utilized to decide stream-water misfortune to groundwater because of ground-water withdrawals (USGS, 2008). As appeared in figure 4, sharp changes in substance fixations were distinguished over short separations as water from the Lot River in France moved into its bordering alluvial spring in light of siphoning from a well. A natural tracer was utilized to decide the degree of blending of surface water with ground water, and radon was utilized to decide the inflow pace of stream water. At that point the rate at which broke down metals responded to frame strong stage during development of stream water toward the siphoning great could be determined (USGS, 2008). Moderate and non-preservationist particles as tracers can likewise be utilized to parameterize groundwater models just as to ascertain the age and revive area of ground waters. This should be possible by straightforwardly presenting 3H in a groundwater framework to decide groundwater stream ways which aids the model parameterization combined with the utilization of deuterium, 18O, 3H/3He proportions, and the as of late created 4He in-development procedure to control parameterization of a groundwater model of a provincial spring (Sophocleous, 2000). Recognition with the utilization and constraints of various moderate and non-preservationist tracers to ground water and surface water situations is a significant segment with potential uses of these methods, GW-SW communications can be construed (Sphocleous, 2000; Schilling et al, 2010). In Australia, the vehicle of saline groundwater from neighborhood and territorial springs to the lower River Murray is believed to be impacted by tidal ponds and wetlands present in nearby floodplains. In the investigation by Banks et al, (2009), cooperations between a saline tidal pond and semi-restricted spring at a floodplain on the River Murray were considered utilizing hydrogeological procedures and natural tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ'2H and ÃŽÂ'18O) (Banks et al, 2009). The outcomes demonstrated utilizing piezometric surface checking that the tidal pond went about as a course through framework catching neighborhood and territorial groundwater stream. The mass parity was resolved utilizing chloride, and demonstrated that roughly 70% of the tidal ponds winter volume was lost because of dissipation. Next a steady isotope mass equalization was utilized to evaluate spillage from the tidal pond to the basic spring. This demonstrated around 0-38% of the complete groundwater inflow into the tidal pond was lost to spillage, rather than 62-100% groundwater inflow which was lost to dissipation (Banks et al, 2009). Using piezometric surface observing and tracers, Banks et al, (2009), had the option to decide GW-SW cooperations. This permitted them to reason that the floodplain wetland acted as groundwater move through frameworks, blocking groundwater release, concentrating it and in the long run energizing increasingly saline water to the floodplain spring. Having the option to follow, decide and comprehend GW-SW associations, for example, those introduced here, at last advantages compelling administration of saltiness in Australia (Banks et al, 2005). Further investigations of the Murray River and the Murray Basin have reasoned that saltiness could likewise be added to by stream guideline and water preoccupation for water system as this could significantly affect the trading of surface water between the Murray River and

SMARKETING How to Integrate Sales and Marketing

SMARKETING How to Integrate Sales and Marketing For a very long time, there has always been a thin line dividing “sales” and “marketing”. Some would argue that there would be no sales if there is no marketing while others would insist that marketing will be useless without sales. In some cases, there are those that think the two are one and the same, and we cannot really blame them, when even companies themselves are confused regarding these two functions.The raging argument somehow seems pointless at times, considering how the two are working towards a common goal, which is to generate revenue and earn profit. The two sides may argue endlessly, but that does not change the fact that they are geared towards the same thing.Now the challenge that most companies are faced with is making these two functions work together in a seamless manner, with no overlaps and no clashes, making way for a smooth and harmonious (and ultimately profitable) synergy. © Shutterstock.com | Yury ShchipakinIn this article, I will explore 1) the concept of SMARKETING and show 2) how to integrate sales and marketing.THE CONCEPT OF SMARKETINGFirst things first: what is Smarketing?Smarketing is coined from two words: Sales and Marketing. It is a modern take on how these two functions work as a single team instead of two separate teams with different objectives and goals. In the past, Marketing was only fixed on market penetration, building brand identity and creation of lead opportunities. Their work ends when they have provided the leads, and they will then turn the ball over to Sales, who will be the one to convert the leads into sales.With Smarketing, however, Marketing’s job does not end there. They will also provide support for Sales. In return, Sales will also support Marketing. It’s a more dynamic relationship, which makes a lot of sense since they are both in the same organization and sharing the same goals.Some businesses take Smarketing a step further by actually merging the two departments into one. It’s a matter of strategy and management, so the final decision on whether to merge the two, or maintain them as two separate departments working as a single unit, remains with the owners of the business or the top brass.Importance of SmarketingWhy is there a need for companies to employ Smarketing?Simple. It is for the company to add value and generate more revenue. According to business experts, companies that ensure a solid alignment of their sales and marketing policies are able to increase their revenue by 20% annually. The revenue growth could even reach up to 32% if the organization is considered to be “highly aligned”.Let us take a look at the two traits that characterize smarketing.Smarketing entails the alignment of both the sales and marketing policies of the company around the same goals. This implies that the company should have a clear and well-defined set of business goals and objectives, and they mu st be known by all members of the organization. It has been mentioned that Sales and Marketing share the same ultimate goal, which is revenue generation and growth. In this aspect alone, the two are already aligned. However, it is possible that the short-term objectives of the sales department may slightly differ from that of the marketing department. In this case, it is important that each team have a clear view of each other’s goals and objectives, as well as the progress they are making in pursuit of those goals and objectives.Smarketing also entails alignment around personas. To this end, it is essential that persona details be communicated across and throughout the company and, whenever necessary, everyone must be educated about new persona details. This also applies to the formation of teams. When it comes to creating dynamic groups or specializing teams, it should be done around particular personas.For example, if the company decides to form a team specializing in non-profi t sales, they should be aligned with the non-profit marketing team, as they cultivate the same or similar persona.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]HOW TO INTEGRATE SALES AND MARKETINGYou have probably heard many businessmen declare that integrating sales and marketing into one solid and cohesive unit is easier said than done. They would be right. It takes a lot of effort, a lot of planning, and also a lot of motivation to make it work.Organizations may integrate Smarketing, or sales and marketing, into their organization, by taking the following steps.Step 1. Reach an understanding by speaking the same language.One of the points of contention between sales and argument is that they speak different languages: sales only care about the numbers, while marketing is about creating leads. According to Sales, Marketing comes up with leads that are of terrible quality. Marketing, on the other hand, argues that they fail to meet their goal because Sales does not work on their leads. On the surface, this does seem to be the case. However, if you look deeper, you will realize that what the two functions boil down to is the same : revenue generation and revenue growth. Marketing will generate the leads that, in turn, will generate sales.Here’s the hard fact: Sales and Marketing do speak the same language, and it is called Revenue. Similarly, Sales and Marketing work with the same audience: the customers.How will sales and marketing work together?It all starts at one point â€" the goal that is shared by the two, which is revenue.Say, for example, that the revenue goal of the business for the year is $100,000. Taking into account the actual revenue being earned by the company and the current number of customers, you will be able to come up with the average deal size, or the average revenue earned from each customer. Let us assume that, from current actual numbers, the average deal size is $1,000. By dividing the revenue goal of $100,000 by the average deal size, the number of customers that the company needs in order to achieve its goal is 100.From there, you can compute the average Lead to Customer percent age by dividing the current number of customers with the current leads employed by the company. Let us again assume that the average rate is 4%. In order to find out the number of leads required by the company to achieve its revenue goal, you have to divide the number of customers needed with the rate. In this instance, it is 100 customers divided by 4%, resulting to 2,500. This means that the marketing has to target 2500 leads in order to achieve enough sales to meet the target revenue.In that example, it is clear that Sales and Marketing understand each other, even if the language spoken was mainly numbers. This understanding stems from the fact that they are operating on the same wavelength and working back from their shared goal.To this end, marketing should not just focus on creating leads randomly. They should be sales-ready leads.A sales-ready lead is one that generates a high level of interest.A lead that has a low level of interest and a poor fit must be avoided at all cost s, since they will not make any money for the company. If the lead is a great fit, but generates little interest, efforts must be made towards stimulating interest so as to increase it. If the lead has high interest and proves to be a great fit, it is one that must be followed up quickly. That is a sales-ready lead.There must be a clear delineation of the main responsibilities of the teams. This is to avoid overlapping of tasks or functions, and usurping of authority. Establishing clear lines will give rise to respect among and between the two groups and, at the same time, leave a lot of room for them to support each other and work together.Step 2. Install a closed-loop reporting system.Some of the problems encountered in the relationship between sales and marketing include the following:Failure of Sales to follow-up on leads provided by MarketingDuplication of leads leading to redundancy and inefficienciesProviding incomplete leadsLack of information on the effect of marketing poli cies on revenueThese problems arise from the lack of closed-loop reporting between Sales and Marketing. Closed-Loop reporting is essentially the feedback loop between the two departments, where marketing passes intelligence to Sales, and Sales provided feedback on the intelligence it receives.Both Marketing and Sales benefit from this type of feedback mechanism.Marketing will be able to update its database and statuses;Marketing (and the company as a whole) will be able to assess the effectiveness of its marketing programs, clearly identifying those that work and those that don’t;Marketing will be able to take steps to improve its return on investment;Sales will improve its efficiency by eliminating the need to work on duplicated leads;Sales will be able to prioritize leads more effectively and efficiently;Sales will be able to increase its return on investment.Step 3. Implement a Service Level Agreement.A Service Level Agreement, or SLA, is a statement of the commitment of each t eam in order to support the other team. Essentially, they will both be defining what they will accomplish so they can support each other. Some may say that the mere fact that they are committed to being aligned around the same goals is already enough; however, the SLA will cement that commitment and make it more binding.Make the SLA clear. Note that the keyword for SLA is “agreement”. It is between two parties so that both parties will benefit from each other’s support. It is a quid pro quo relationship, where Marketing will provide the number of high-quality leads required to achieve the company’s revenue target, while Sales will be responsible for quickly following up on leads that will generate the required revenue.For example, Marketing will be responsible in figuring out the number of leads of a certain quality that a sales representative needs in order to meet a quota set by the company. Sales, on the other hand, will figure out how many times the sales representative must make contact or engage to every lead, so they will not be wasted. Let us say, in this instance, that a sales representative must deliver 100 leads monthly in order to meet the monthly revenue target, and he or she is expected to call a lead 6 times within a two-week period.SLA progress must be tracked regularly. Preferably, tracking must be done on a daily basis. It is important to take note of whether the Service Level Agreement is being adhered to or not, and what the results of its implementation are.Step 4. Establish and maintain open lines of communication.In every relationship, communication is key. Two parties will have better chances of working together if they are willing and able to communicate with each other. In Smarketing, communication also plays a crucial role. It eliminates inconsistencies in messaging and prevents the spread of incorrect data or information. It is also one way of brand protection.Conduct regular Smarketing meetings. Many companies make it a poi nt to conduct smarketing meetings weekly. This is where they will discuss the respective teams’ progress so far, their successes, and other matters pertinent to the smarketing efforts of the company. Make sure that all members of the Sales team, as well as the Marketing team, are present during these meetings.Conduct regular management meetings. Regular meetings should not be limited among and between the two teams only. Key managers should also make it a point to meet monthly to tackle any issues or topics that need to be resolved or discussed.Sell your marketing campaign to the Sales team. All campaigns formulated by Marketing must first be marketed to the sales team. Share all the information about the campaigns to Sales so that they, too, will be able to plan accordingly on what actions they would take for the campaign to be successful and generate high revenue.Sell your product to the Sales team. This means giving your Sales team all the information about the products and ser vices that the company is offering to the market. Sales will be the team on the frontlines, so they must be more than adequately armed with the knowledge on why the target market should pay attention to, and eventually buy, the products or services that they are selling.Step 5. Gather and store reliable data that can be used by the teams.Data sharing is also called for in Smarketing. All key information should be synchronized between Sales and Marketing, particularly if the organization’s information system is fully automated.Relying on data is not enough. It is also important that the data be reliable and relevant.Data must be accessible by both teams. Businesses that with a solidly integrated smarketing setup often use common dashboards that contain reports that are relevant to both teams. The content of the dashboards must be transparent, available to everyone, and kept up to date.The primary purpose of dashboards is to display the progress or give status updates, and enable th e teams to take the necessary corrective steps, if necessary. In the case of marketing dashboards, the objective is to measure and communicate the progress in accordance with the terms set forth on the SLA. Through the marketing dashboards, teams can check daily whether they are on track in achieving their targeted number of leads.Sales, on the other hand, are seen to use Sales Dashboards, which are usually presented by day or by week. This dashboard displays the progress of the Sales team towards the goal and making comparisons with the previous period.Data is required to track leads, so they must be flexible and are capable of being tracked. Companies do this in several ways.By campaign. Tracking is done according to the campaign. Campaigns are bound to have different results or performance metrics. These metrics must be analyzed in order to figure out which one gets the most traffic, which one generates the most number of leads, and which one successfully turns the leads into buy ing customers.By source. In this method, goals are established per source of lead, and progress is measured for each effort done.Perform monthly analysis through monthly marketing reports. This is to ultimately assess whether Marketing was able to reach its targets or not, how it succeeded, and why it failed, if that’s the case. It is a given that all members of the organization or all levels of the company be able to access this report.Prepare sales activity reports. This report will communicate how many leads were worked on by the sales team, and how successful they were in generating sales.Utilizing an integration software or technology is highly recommended. Take a look at the software used by the teams and find a way to integrate or connect them. This will facilitate easier sharing of data.Step 6. Monitor through shared performance metrics.Alignment is not a one-time thing. It is an ongoing process that takes place for as long as the business is in operation. Smarketing requi res continuous monitoring and analysis of feedback obtained from performance metrics. Naturally, alignment of Sales and Marketing means having performance metrics shared by both teams. This is actually a good thing, since there is a wider perspective when assessing performance. Instead of assessing each team’s performance, the shared performance metrics will give top management a “wider” view.The thing to remember about integrating Sales and Marketing is that it requires teamwork. It is a team effort, where everyone has to pitch in. Differences in personalities and character notwithstanding, they should all work together in their respective departments, and as part of a single integrated team, to make the alignment work, always keeping in mind that they have the same ultimate goal.

Use the case of the recent legislation of the minimum wage...

Introduction Recently, starting from May 1, 2013, Hong Kong had issued an increase of the Statutory Minimum Wage (SMW) from $28 to $30. Setting SMW at an appropriate level is vital to striking the balance between the objectives of forestalling excessively low wages and minimising the loss of low-paid jobs, while sustaining Hong Kong’s economic growth and competitiveness (2012 report of the minimum wage commission, 2012). To fulfil this aim, the government have decided to increase the minimum wage rate in order for the people receiving the low-paid jobs to have a more fair salary. This paper will first discuss about the stakeholders that will be affected by the increase of the wage rates namely the workers earning the SMW rates,†¦show more content†¦Because most of their staffs are earning minimum wage, the firms will either need to either reduce the working hours of their employees or face an increase in the labour cost. If the businesses were to reduce the employees or the working hours, the quality of the products or services provided will most likely degrade over time due to the lack of labour. On the other hand, maintaining the same amount of labour and working hours will lead to an increased cost. In order for the firms to maintain their profitability, the prices of the product or services will most likely be increased. This will lead to the reduction of the competitiveness of small and medium firms compared to the large firms. Because large firms can most likely afford the increase of the minimum wage, they might not need to push the prices up to keep their demands. This can be disadvantageous to Hong Kong as a whole if it leads to the closure of the small and medium firms which leaves huge industries as monopolies in the industry. Card (1995) mentioned that the minimum wage has a â€Å"ripple effect† in many firms, leading to pay increases for workers initially earning slightly more than the new minimum wage. Because of this, the effects previously mentioned will be amplified even to firms which pay slightly above the new SMW even before the increase. Government In the government’s perspective, the increase of the minimum wage policy can help reduce the government expenditure in a country.Show MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesHodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M. International management. III. Title. HD62.4.H63 2012 658 .049—dc22 2011002070 www.mhhe.com Dedicated in Memory of Richard M. 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It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland

Essay on President Bush and FISA - 2086 Words

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 was a necessary measure signed by President Jimmy Carter in an effort to stop the CIA, FBI, NSA, and other executive powers from conducting warrantless wiretaps of domestic groups for so-called national security purposes. This was necessary because findings by the Church Committee in the early 1970s suggested that warrantless wiretapping had been going on for quite some time by these government entities and was exacerbated by President Nixon and the Watergate scandal. This bill not only set a future precedent for how surveillance should be conducted, but also attempted to set a standard for what â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† surveillance were defined as. FISA did not face any substantial challenges†¦show more content†¦These problems that President Bush encountered where in fact very similar to the problems that the Carter administration predicted would surface when they were drawing up the bill in the late 1970s. Carter and other executive members brought up many valid concerns that included physical searches, overseas surveillance, communications intelligence, and how much power to give to the president (Carter Memo 2). The version of FISA proposed in 1978 was in itself a solid piece of legislature. Over the years, many amendments have been made to it that have slowly surrendered its power and allowed to the executive branch to create loopholes in which to continue warrantless surveillance where and when they see it fit. For this reason, the FISA process of requiring review by a special court is still viable, but does need some adjustments that allow it to stand similarly to its original form. Since the passing of FISA came after a widespread finding of warrantless wiretapping by a number of different government entities, Congress along with the Carter administration, needed to carefully craft a bill that not only reconciled national security needs to conduct domestic surveillance, but also continued to protect individual liberties such as that of the first and fourth amendments. The once top-secret Carter administration memos regarding FISA offer a first-hand glimpse at the thinking that went intoShow MoreRelatedDomestic Surveillance During The United States1474 Words   |  6 Pagescongress started to treat Domestic Surveillance as a number one priority. After September 11th Congress passed a law to use military force for those responsible for the attacks in New York, NY. The go ahead with using military force did not give the President to use surveillance without a warrant. Congress started to pass legislation against counterterrorism efforts. 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The primary feature of this act was as follows; the creation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA Court) which allows the executive branch to secretly obtain warrants for electronic surveillance but only with strict judicial review Previously there were seven members of foreign intelligence surveillance act court but now the number has beenRead MoreThe Intelligence Community Of The United States1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthey failed to make terrorism a top priority because each of these organizations had different approaches to the subject. For example, when Congress passed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 1978, many of the agents that worked for the FBI misunderstood the purpose behind the act. FISA was created in order for a â€Å"search to be approved only if its primary purpose was to obtain foreign intelligence information† (69). 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His quote which has been repeated many times since was, â€Å"You cant 100% security and then also have 100% privacy and 0 inconvenience†(Gidda 2). In order to fully understand how the NSA got into the position it is now we have to understand how it bypasses the Foreign Intelligence and Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978. FISA allowed special courts to authorize electronic surveillance

Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 Free Essays

It’s your 18th birthday and your finally a legal adult. Immediately you can smoke cigarettes, vote, be a jury member, even join the military and fight for your country. But don’t think about a having a beer at your going away party the night before you depart for the Middle East. We will write a custom essay sample on Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now No, you will have to wait until your 21. As an American citizens we are given many responsibilities at the age of 18. One of them not being the ability to consume alcohol. So I believe that at the age of 18 should come the responsibility of legally partaking of alcohol. If we are considered adults and expected to act like one at the age of 18, it isn’t right to restrict us to a drinking age of 21. At 18 you can get married, vote, pay taxes, take out loans or risk your life as a member of the U. S. military. But the law in our country says that no alcoholic beverages may be sold to anyone until the age of 21. Who says that 21 is the magical age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol. Sure some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be able to drink responsibly. While 21 may be the legal drinking age in the U. S. no scientific evidence exists proving this is the age at which young people can safely begin drinking alcohol. (Bryan Knowles). By lowering the drinking age it would take away some of the temptation involved with alcohol. It’s not as much fun when its allowed! The most common reason for underage drinking is because alcohol is seen as â€Å"the forbidden fruit. In a study by Dr. Engs, professor of applied health and science, found that by increasing the legal drinking age, young people tend to abuse alcohol more. In actuality raising the drinking age was much worse than doing nothing. Drinking is more exciting when it is illegal. So many people go out and get drunk simply because they know that it’s illegal (Dr Engs). If we do away with this concept then we are left we people partaking in less booze filled nights. Leaving the decision of alcohol mostly to the family is the best scheme if the aim is to reduce underage drinking. We should also focus on safe drinking instead of age restrictions. Educating on the power of alcohol instead of just telling them not to drink it would create a better understanding for our young ones Other countries like France, have a much lower rate of alcohol abuse. This comes from educated and gradual drinking. American teens have not learned to drink gradually or in moderation. We need to focus on educating our young people on safe drinking and as a social activity, instead of a type of escape. Why is there still a problem if alcohol education currently exists? Because current alcohol education in high school and college teaches the following: This is how you drink responsibly, now don’t drink because you are too young. How does anyone expect students to listen to a teacher when this gibberish is coming from their mouth? First you need to properly educate young adults. Second, you need trust them. If you treat young adults like children they will act like children. If you treat young adults as responsible adults they will act maturely. While most parents agree that serving alcohol to groups of minors should be prohibited, many also reserve the right to introduce their teenage children to alcohol. Supervised, moderate exposure to alcohol in the home with family lays the foundation for a healthy respect for alcohol and its associated responsibilities. Bryan Knowles) In conclusion, is 21 really the prestigious age we all can’t wait to reach. At 21, does all the maturity and intelligence we need to navigate this earth finally dawn on us! Well, our country seem to think so. So at the end of the day when you are deployed to Iraq to serve your country, don’t even think about having an adult beverage. Because you’re not an adult until 21, you must wait three more years. But look on the b right side, there will always be a beer waiting for you when you are of age. How to cite Lowering the Drinking Age to 18, Papers

Nursing Case Study Cardiovascular System

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Studyfor Cardiovascular System. Answer: The cardiovascular system or the heart is being affected that is causing Toms symptoms. Tom might be suffering from congestive heart failure that is causing the substernal crushing chest pain and swelling of the feet and ankles. The fluid accumulation within the body system is causing the swelling. There is an initiation of accumulation of fluid within Toms lower limbs as the blood flow out of the heart is making the blood return back to the heart via veins (Johnstone et al. 2014). (a) Electrocardiography is one of the tests that would support Toms condition. It is the method in which ultrasound is applied to measure the diastolic volume, ejection fraction and stroke volume (Brown and Lewis 2007). It also finds out the heart complications that are valve associated and also the connective tissue condition and heart sac. It is also used to diagnose arrhythmia, hypertrophy of the valves and conduction delay. The ST segment depression in Toms ECG suggested an abnormal condition as it is a sign of myocardial infarction associated with congestive heart failure. It has serious clinical outcomes that include Tom presenting CHF with MI. A cardiologist and a trained nurse are the two health professionals who would help Tom. The cardiologist would examine the Toms heart and prescribe treatment depending on the reports. The trained nurse would monitor Toms heart condition; administer his medications as prescribed by the cardiologist. A physiotherapist could also help to circulate his blood inside the body system and reduce swelling. Smoking would damage the lining of arteries and leads to accumulation of atheroma and angina. Case Study 2 (part 1) (a) The six potential health issues are high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and gout and gall stone formation. The proteinuria gives an indication of obesity related glomerulopathy and progression to renal disease (D'Agati et al. 2016). Mary is affected by internal factors like family history of obesity and endocrinological complications. The external factors are food habits and standard of living. The nurses should educate her about leading a healthy lifestyle with physical exercise and nutritious balanced diet that would control her obesity and blood sugar levels. The dietician would help Mary to carry out physical exercises and diet plan that would help her to reduce body weight and body mass index. The dietician would suggest dietary and lifestyle modifications that would help her to control the blood glucose levels and other obesity related complications. Case Study 3 Williams physical conditions are the internal factors like the post traumatic stress disorder, level of unconsciousness, elevated level of alcohol in his blood, aggression and confusion. The lack of personal safety, drink and driving, rash driving and disobeying traffic rules are the external factors that contributes to his condition. The brain injury would be the diagnosis. Glasgow Coma Scale Rating would record the patients level of responsiveness. The unconscious stage is difficult to measure in Williams case but opening of eyes is the unconsciousness stage. With respect to brain injuries, coma occurs when patient eyes are closed continuously and fails to respond. Another state called the vegetative state where the patient has reduced consciousness (Barker et al. 2014). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the two diagnostic tests. The CT scan would give a comprehensive brain picture showing fractures, swelling, hemorrhage and contusions. MRI would give a detailed brain picture that would also be helpful. The neurologist would check the head injury dealing with brain and nerves. Neurosurgeon would treat the damaged brain and nerves and stop bleeding. Case Study 4 Referring to the Competency Element 2.2 and 3.4 under competency standards for enrolled nurses, while caring for the old lady, it was essential to offer relief in a moral manner respecting her culture and beliefs in palliative care considering the significance of the treatment in terms of euthanasia (Gysels et al. 2013). The religious belief according to Buddhism and the heath care professionals should take decisions accordingly. The enrolled nurses should follow the guidelines and rules prescribed according to medication free treatment by seeking help from the duty officer. The legal ethical advisory committee could also help to deal with the ethical issues faced by the enrolled nurses. The art therapy, massage, biofield therapy, complementary therapy, Reiki, stimulation of spinal cord and music therapy are some of the non-pharmacological interventions. References Barker, M.D., Whyte, J., Pretz, C.R., Sherer, M., Temkin, N., Hammond, F.M., Saad, Z. and Novack, T., 2014. Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow coma scale over time: A study employing the NIDRR traumatic brain injury model systems database.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation,29(5), pp.400-406. Brown, D. and Lewis, S.M., 2007. Lewis's Medical-surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Australia. D'Agati, V.D., Chagnac, A., de Vries, A.P., Levi, M., Porrini, E., Herman-Edelstein, M. and Praga, M., 2016. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis.Nature Reviews Nephrology. Gysels, M., Evans, C.J., Lewis, P., Speck, P., Benalia, H., Preston, N.J., Grande, G.E., Short, V., Owen-Jones, E., Todd, C.J. and Higginson, I.J., 2013. MORECare research methods guidance development: recommendations for ethical issues in palliative and end-of-life care research.Palliative medicine,27(10), pp.908-917. Johnstone, C., Hendry, C., Farley, A. and McLafferty, E., 2014. Endocrine system: part 1.Nursing Standard,28(38), pp.42-49. Stead, L.F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann?Boyce, J., Cahill, K. and Lancaster, T., 2012. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane Library.